Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a versatile platform for chemical applications. These reactors utilize tightly packed hollow fibers as the transmembrane element, offering significant surface area for mass transfer. The structure of the fibers facilitates efficient transport of both substrate and product. Applications of hollow fiber membr

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) constructed from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have demonstrated effective results in wastewater treatment applications. This article reviews a detailed performance evaluation of PVDF membrane bioreactors, evaluating key metrics such as process fouling, effluent quality, and energy demand. here The study inves

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) process has emerged as a prominent solution for wastewater treatment due to its ability to achieve high removal efficiencies of organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. MBRs integrate a biological reactor with a membrane separation unit, effectively combining the advantages of conventional activated sludge systems